Influence of Temperature and Salt on Association and Thermodynamic Parameters of Micellization of a Cationic Gemini Surfactant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Association behavior of a gemini surfactant, N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl))bis(N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium) chloride, has been studied conductometrically at different temperatures (293.15 to 338.15 K) in aqueous and aqueous ethylene glycol (EG) solvents. The association studies were also performed in aqueous salt solution (sodium chloride, NaCl or sodium salicylate, NaSal). Critical micelle concentration (cmc) decreases and then increases with continuous increase in temperature (an U-shaped behavior). The temperature (Tm) corresponds to lowest cmc (cmcm) has been found ≈ 325 K for both the solvents (water and water + EG). However, cmc increases in mixed solvent (water + EG). The Tm has been shifted to lower temperature in the presence of salt. The shifting in Tm was dependent upon the nature of the counter ion. The cmc – temperature variation can be represented by a power law relationship. Relevant thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated and discussed on the basis of nature of the solvent / counter ion. The enthalpy – entropy compensation plots exhibit linearity. The compensation temperature (Tc) and enthalpy change (DH*mic) have been computed for various surfactant – solvent systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".