Variation in content of monomeric phenolics during the processing of grape seed and skin flours
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were extracted from grape seed and skin flours. Three major monomeric phenolics, gallic acid, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the feasibility of using both flours for the development of phenolic-rich functional foods, the variation in content of these monomeric phenolics were determined after baking, illumination and microwave radiation processes. The results showed that baking both flours at 110°C had no significant influence on the contents of the three monomeric phenolics. However, after baking at 145°C, the contents of gallic acid exhibited an increasing trend, while the contents of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin gradually declined. During the illumination process, the contents of gallic acid and (+)-catechin in both flours increased, while (-)-epicatechin decreased after 10 days. Microwave processing baked flours for 1 min had no significant effect on the contents of these three monomeric phenolics. After processing for 3 and 5 min, the gallic acid contents significantly increased, but the other two decreased. These results indicated that producing foods containing grape seed or skin flours should avoid being baked at higher temperatures for long periods, and the microwave radiation process should be performed as quickly as possible, so that the phenolic ingredients in these foods are better retained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".