Continuous Production of Mixed Lactic Starters Containing Probiotics Using Immobilized Cell Technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production of a mixed lactic culture containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis MD and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 was studied during a 17-day continuous immobilized-cell culture at different temperatures between 32 and 37 degrees C. The two-stage fermentation system was composed of a first reactor (R1) containing cells of the two strains separately immobilized in kappa-carrageenan/locust bean gum gel beads and a second reactor (R2) operated with free cells released from the first reactor. The system allowed continuous production of a concentrated mixed culture with a strain ratio whose composition depended on temperature and fermentation time. A stable mixed culture (with a 22:1 ratio of L. diacetylactis and B. longum) was produced at 35 degrees C in the effluent of R2, whereas the mixed culture was rapidly unbalanced in favor of B. longum at a higher temperature (37 degrees C) or L. diacetylactis at a lower temperature (32 degrees C). Strain redistribution in beads originally immobilizing pure cultures of L. diacetylactis or B. longum was observed. At the end of culture, the strain ratio (7:1 L. diacetylactis/B. longum) in bulk bead samples was similar to that of individual beads. The determination of the spatial distribution of the two strains in gel beads by immunofluorescence and confocal laser-scanning microscopy showed that bead cross-contamination was limited to a 100 microm peripheral layer. Data from this study validate a previous model for population dynamics and cell release in gel beads during mixed immobilized-cell cultures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".