Investigation of the origin and transmission of linear mitochondrial plasmid based on phylogenetic analysis in Japanese rapeseed varieties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A linear mitochondrial plasmid is present in some varieties of rapeseed. To elucidate its origin and transmission the author investigated types of mitochondrial genome and the presence of plasmid in 78 rapeseed varieties and landraces in Japan and carried out a comparative analysis using the breeding history of Japanese rapeseed varieties. The mitochondrial genome of rapeseed was classified roughly into 2 types, type I (nap) and type II (cam). Type II rapeseed mitochondria closely resembles that of Brassica rapa, which is a related species of rapeseed. In this study, the author found that all varieties with type II mitochondria originated from interspecific crosses between rapeseed (B. napus) and B. rapa. This indicates that type II cytoplasm was introduced to rapeseed through a breeding program. The presence of plasmid was limited to B. rapa landraces and rapeseed varieties that arose by interspecific crosses between B. napus and B. rapa. The results suggest that mitochondrial plasmid is of B. rapa origin and that it has been introduced into rapeseed by interspecific crosses in a modern breeding program, as in the case of the mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic study of Japanese rapeseed varieties suggests the participation not of the mitochondrial genome but, rather, the nuclear genome for the perpetuation of plasmid in progeny varieties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".