Nanomechanical resonance studies of carbon nanotube peapod bundles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Filled carbon nanotubes represent a class of tunable nanoscale materials that could provide both high-quality resonance and sensing specificity for nanoresonator-based devices. We have studied the mechanical properties of C60-filled single-walled carbon nanotube bundles through observation of their mechanical resonances in a transmission electron microscope. X-ray diffraction was used to qualitatively study the filling of C60 in the bulk material. Electron diffraction was used to confirm the filling of each bundle prior to the measurement of individual mechanical resonance frequencies. The electron-diffraction pattern revealed a C60 spacing periodicity of 9.97 Å within the lumen of the nanotubes, which is close to the theoretical equilibrium spacing of R0=10.05Å in bulk C60. An average ratio of (Eb∕ρ)1∕2=13230±3187m∕s was observed for the unfilled bundles, compared with a ratio of (Eb∕ρ)1∕2=19002±2307m∕s for C60-filled bundles. Such values indicate an increase of the average bending modulus by as much as 170% in C60-filled bundles. A dependence of this ratio on the diameter of the structures was also observed. This dependence is explained by the increased importance of intertube slipping in bundles of larger diameter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".