Mechanistic studies of photohydration of <i>m</i>-hydroxy-1,1-diaryl alkenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The photohydration of a variety of m-hydroxy-1,1-diaryl alkenes (810) and related systems (11 and 12) has been studied in aqueous CH3CN solution. All of these alkenes photohydrate efficiently in 1:1 H2OCH3CN, to give the corresponding 1,1-diarylethanol (Markovnikov addition) products with high chemical and quantum yields. The aim of this study was to further probe the mechanism of photohydration reported for the parent m-hydroxy-α-phenylstyrene (5), which has been proposed as consisting of a water trimer-mediated excited state (formal) intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from the phenolic proton to the β-carbon of the alkene moiety to give an observable (by laser flash photolysis (LFP)) m-quinone methide intermediate 6. For this purpose, derivatives of 5 with substituents (methyl or methoxy) on the α-phenyl ring as well as related model compounds were explored. Product studies, quantum yields, fluorescence, and nanosecond laser flash data are reported that are consistent with two distinct mechanisms for photohydration of these compounds: one involving water-mediated ESIPT (8, 9), as observed for the parent compound 5, and one involving direct protonation of the β-carbon by solvent water (11 and 12), with compound 10 possibly operating via both mechanisms.Key words: photohydration, solvent-assisted excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), m-quinone methide, diarylmethyl carbocation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".