Treatment of Crohn's disease patients with infliximab is detrimental for the survival of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis within macrophages and shows a remarkable decrease in the immunogenicity of mycobacterial proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dear Sir, The association between Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn's disease (CD) although debatable, is supported by several studies1 which have reported the detection or isolation of MAP from human tissues2 including serum,3 body fluids (breast milk),4 and high levels of TNF-α was found secreted by the gut mucosa in MAP-associated CD patients.5 Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits TNF-α and is used as a current therapy for CD. Recently, Nakase et al.6 demonstrated that THP-1 cells infected with MAP induced the production of a higher amount of TNF-α when compared to macrophages infected with either Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium smegmatis , suggesting that MAP is directly involved in the upregulation of this cytokine. Previously, we have reported that MAP is able to infect, reside, and multiply intracellularly in human macrophages,7,8 suggesting that the pathogen is able to subvert the host's immune response to avoid its own demise even at the earliest stage of the infection. Moreover, we have reported that CD patients,8 but not …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".