CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE ARMITAGE AND BROSS SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURES IN CLINICAL REHABILITATION TRIALS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of sequential analysis in clinical rehabilitation research allows a spectrum of analyses in the comparison of two or more treatment protocols. Researchers in rehabilitation medicine are increasingly making use of sequential designs in their clinical investigations. This review serves to highlight the optimal use of the classical sequential designs presented by Armitage and Bross in the mid-twentieth century. A discussion of the limitations of this most basic sequential analysis is presented for the information of clinical researchers considering this study design. Examples of the use of classical and group sequential designs addressing both continuous and dichotomous outcomes are provided, and the advantages and disadvantages of classical and group sequential procedures as compared to fixed sample designs are illustrated with rehabilitation examples. As little literature has been published regarding the application of sequential analysis in clinical rehabilitation trials, clinical pharmacological, and medical trials in addition to medical statistical sources were used in this review.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.140 | 0.922 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".