Nanoscopic electric potential probing: Influence of probe–sample interface on spatial resolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electric potential probing on the nanometer scale elucidates the operation of actively driven conducting, semiconducting, insulating and semi-insulating devices and systems. Spatial resolution of this analysis technique is shown to depend on the time required for the voltage measurement circuit to reach steady state with the local electric potential of the sample. Scanning voltage microscopy on actively biased buried heterostructure lasers reveals this time to be intrinsically long (10−2 s to 1 s) and to depend on material doping type (n- or p-type) and scan direction (to increasing or decreasing sample potential). The bandstructure of the probe–sample interface is examined and is shown to provide high incremental contact resistance to an equivalent circuit model of the measurement circuit. Practical scan speed limits are defined for accurate scanning electric potential measurements given a desired spatial resolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".