Cyclin D1/cdk4 can interact with E2F4/DP1 and disrupts its DNA‐binding capacity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors regulate the expression of many growth-related genes in a cell cycle-dependent manner. These transcription factors can activate or, in conjunction with an Rb-related protein, repress transcription. E2F transcriptional activity is regulated at several different levels that are each linked to cell cycle progression. In many cell types, E2F4 and E2F5 are the predominant E2F species during G(0) and early G(1) and function primarily as repressors of E2F-regulated genes. In this study, co-immunoprecipitation techniques were used to demonstrate that cyclins D1, D2, and D3 are capable of interacting with E2F4, E2F5, and DP1. Overexpression of cyclin D1/cdk4 reduced E2F4-mediated transcription in a simple reporter gene assay and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses using nuclear extracts from transfected cells indicated that cyclin D1/cdk4 disrupts the DNA-binding ability of E2F4. Cell cycle analysis following stimulation of serum-starved 3T3 cells indicated that E2F4 undergoes changes in its phosphorylation pattern coincident with the synthesis of cyclin D1. Examination of a series of E2F4 deletion mutants indicated that a cyclin D1-binding site located close to the carboxyl terminus of E2F4 was critical for the disruption of DNA binding by cyclin D1/cdk4. These data support a model in which E2F4 DNA binding is abolished during mid-G(1) at the same time when E2F interactions with pRb-related proteins are disrupted by cyclin D1/cdk4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".