Characterization and environmental evaluation of Atikokan coal fly ash for environmental applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents the results of physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of fresh and landfilled coal fly ash from Atikokan Thermal Generating Station, Ontario. The acid neutralization capacity, heavy metal sorption capacity, and possible environmental impact under different environmental conditions during utilization of the coal fly ash were also evaluated. The results show significant variations in morphology, mineralogy, and chemical composition between fresh and landfilled fly ashes attributed largely to weathering of the coal fly ash during landfilling. The formation of secondary minerals (predominantly calcite) in landfilled fly ash samples is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and Chittick tests. Chemical analysis of the generalized acid neutralization leaching test indicated that the heavy metals from both fresh and landfilled fly ash samples were below the leachate criteria set by the Ontario Government. Despite variations in acid neutralization capacity and physical and geochemical behaviors between fresh and landfilled coal fly ash materials, the overall results of this study suggest both materials have favorable engineering and environmental properties that make them suitable for various environmental applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".