Site-Directed Mutagenesis to Identify Key Residues in Structure-Function Relationship of Winged Bean Chymotrypsin-Trypsin Inhibitor and 3-D Structure Prediction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Winged bean chymotrypsin trypsin inhibitor (WbCTI) is a Kunitz type serine protease inhibitor that inhibits both trypsin and chymotrypsin at 1:1 molar ratio. Site-directed mutagenesis study was employed to generate two mutants of WbCTI, with an aim to explore its dual inhibitory properties against the proteases. The mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli and, were purified to homogeneity using a single step immunoaffinity column. The two mutants, each containing a single mutation at the amino acid sequence positions of 63 and 64, were named as L63A and R64A, respectively. Purified L63A-WbCTI exhibited anti-trypsin activity with no anti-chymotrypsin activity whereas R64A-WbCTI could inhibit chymotrypsin but not trypsin. To investigate the binding interactions between the mutated forms of WbCTI with the putative proteases, binding studies were carried out using gel filtration chromatography which further confirmed the formation of enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Finally, 3D model structure of WbCTI was designed using computer simulations which further emphasize the roles of L63 and R64 residues for dual inhibitory characteristics of WbCTI. Keywords: Molecular modeling, reactive site loop, serine protease inhibitor, WbCTI mutants, 3-D Structure Prediction, chromatography, trypsin and chymotrypsin, Plant proteinase inhibitors (PI), Site Directed Mutagenesis, PCR, LB-ampicillin agar, IPTG, ETI, Biosym Technologies, bacterial lysateMolecular modeling, reactive site loop, serine protease inhibitor, WbCTI mutants, 3-D Structure Prediction, chromatography, trypsin and chymotrypsin, Plant proteinase inhibitors (PI), Site Directed Mutagenesis, PCR, LB-ampicillin agar, IPTG, ETI, Biosym Technologies, bacterial lysate
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".