Colour removal and the effect of reactive dyes on acid producing anaerobic microorganisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cultures from a sucrose-fed anaerobic acid reactor were dosed with 0, 60, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,500 mg/L, of a mixture of three Procion reactive dyes, Red MX-8B, Red MX-5B and Orange MX-2R, in order to study the colour removal and the toxic effect of the dyes on anaerobic acidification of sucrose. Sucrose undergoes a possible extracellular transformation into intermediate substances before being taken up by the acidogens for volatile fatty acid (VFA) synthesis. The rate and the extent of this uptake is unaffected by the presence of dyes. The dyes, however, reduced the rate of synthesis of VFA, and considerably diminished the VFA production potential of sucrose. The acidification stopped, likely due to an inhibition caused by VFA accumulation. As a result, only 50–60% of the soluble organic carbon was utilised for VFA synthesis. The removal of colour by the unacclimated anaerobic acidogenic biomass takes place by adsorption. However, Freundlich's adsorption constants did not suggest a favourable adsorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".