Investigation of Dynamics of Lean Turbulent Premixed Flames by Rayleigh Scattering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Turbulent premixed flames of propane/air and methane/air were studied on a stabilized Bunsen-type burner to investigate the interactions between turbulence and the structure of the flame front in the thin reaction zones regime. The fuel-air equivalence ratio was varied from 0.7 to stoichiometric for propane flames, and from 0.6 to stoichiometric for methane flames. The nondimensional turbulence intensity u'/S L covered the range from 2.7 to 24.1. The flame front data were obtained using planar Rayleigh scattering technique, and particle image velocimetry was used to measure the instantaneous velocity field of the flames. Thermal structure of the flame front was observed to change with increasing U'/S L . The reaction zone and preheat zone thicknesses increased modestly with nondimensional turbulence intensity in both propane and methane flames. Flame front curvature statistics displayed the same Gaussian-like distribution, which centered around zero for all the flame conditions studied. Flame surface density results exhibited almost no dependence on the nondimensional turbulence intensity. It was found that the flame curvature was able to broaden the flame front and reduce the flame surface density.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".