Mimicking Nature to Make Unnatural Amino Acids and Chiral Diamines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Biomimetic studies of pyridoxal and pyridoxamine models are of both fundamental and practical interest. This review examines (i) deracemization of α‐amino acids with a chiral pyridoxal model, (ii) sensing of chirality of small molecules including α‐, β‐, and γ‐amino acids, peptides, amino alcohols and diamines with an achiral pyridoxal model and (iii) stereospecific synthesis of chiral diamines with a chiral pyridoxamine model. A binol‐based aldehyde is useful as a chiral pyridoxal model to deracemize a variety of α‐amino acids to make D‐amino acids. 2,2′‐Dihydroxybenzophenone is useful as an achiral pyridoxal model for sensing the chirality of the above‐mentioned small molecules in a unified way. Bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ethylenediamine (hpen) is useful as a chiral pyridoxamine model for making chiral diamines. Weak forces (H‐bonding, steric and electronic effects) involved in transamination reactions with pyridoxamine for the synthesis of amino acids are compared with those for the diaza‐Cope rearrangement reaction with hpen for the synthesis of chiral diamines. Both experimental and computational methods are used to analyze the biomimetic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".