Reporting standards for balloon test occlusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Advances in skull base surgery have resulted in the ability to perform large scale en bloc resections of neoplasms of the clivus, sphenoid wings, sella, and other deep structures. Such tumors frequently involve the internal carotid artery (ICA), and complete resection may require dissection or sacrifice of the ICA. ICA occlusion without graft placement is performed to treat certain aneurysms— for example, fusiform cavernous ICA aneurysms with mass effect or partially thrombosed pseudoaneurysms with embolic potential. These and other less common indications for ICA sacrifice necessitate our ability to predict the results of ICA occlusion. There is some variability in the performance and reporting of balloon test occlusion (BTO). This paper represents a consensus statement of the Standards and Guidelines Committee of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, with the goal of providing standardized recommendations for indication, performance, documentation, and complication reporting of BTO procedures. Without any type of temporary test occlusion, the incidence of stroke after permanent carotid artery occlusion ranges from 17% to 30%.1–5 In 1911, Matas6 described temporary arterial occlusion by manual compression of the common carotid artery to determine tolerance for permanent arterial occlusion. Serbinenko7 introduced the concept of endovascular arterial occlusion using small endovascular balloons in the early 1970s. His novel method of endovascular arterial occlusion has since been widely adopted and remains the current foundation for temporary arterial test occlusion. When carotid artery BTO is clinically tolerated, the morbidity and mortality associated with permanent arterial occlusion are reduced but, unfortunately, not eliminated. Since the report of endovascular temporary arterial occlusion presented by Serbinenko7 was published, a variety of adjunctive methods have been tested to improve the sensitivity and specificity of clinical neurologic evaluation alone for the detection of insufficient cerebral …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.300 | 0.468 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.017 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.012 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".