Attrition of the Charge on a Carrier Moving Through a Gas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metallic, free-flying probes were used for sensing areas filled with weak concentration of free, unbalanced ambipolar charge or plasma, or for determining the charge on aerosols. Depending on the conditions, problems can be encountered in the behavior of the probe. This paper focuses on the charge exchange processes occurring between a small metal charge carrier and the gaseous medium through which the carrier travels; these processes may lead to a charge imbalance. In the experiments described, a small lead pellet was propelled with a small volume of pressurized carbon dioxide on a horizontal ballistic trajectory in air. At the launch site, the probe was charged by triboelectrification in a polytetrafluoroethylene tube, and its pre-and post flight charge measured with dynamic Faraday cups. The charge loss, incurred by the pellet crossing a 96 cm path (40 ms flight time), was 11%. Analysis of the results suggests that the onset of discharge from the carrier's body to the gas medium is a likely cause for the observed results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".