Sperm Apoptosis in Fresh and Cryopreserved Bull Semen Detected by Flow Cytometry and Its Relationship with Fertility1
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: Observational
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.064
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.284
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
The present study was conducted to detect sperm apoptosis in fresh and frozen semen and to determine its relationship with bull fertility. Three ejaculates were collected from five breeding bulls with different fertility levels and were cryopreserved using standard methods. Two flow cytometric methods were employed to measure apoptosis: an assay for phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation across the plasma membranes using fluorescein-labeled Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI), and an assay for nicked DNA using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and fluorescein-labeled anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. Both assays showed that fresh sperm contained 10%-20% apoptotic sperm. Significant differences in the percentage of apoptotic sperm were observed among the bulls. Cryopreservation induced translocation of PS to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and caused most of the necrotic cells in fresh sperm to disintegrate. Bull fertility was significantly related to the percentage of necrotic or viable sperm in fresh semen as detected by the Annexin V/PI assay, to the number of apoptotic sperm in fresh semen as detected by the TUNEL assay, and to the level of chromatin or DNA condensation as detected by PI staining. The present study suggests that the presence of apoptotic spermatozoa in fresh semen could be one of the reasons for poor fertility in breeding bulls.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Biology of Reproduction
- Topic
- Sperm and Testicular Function
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- University of Guelph
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- BiologySpermSemenAndrologyPropidium iodideCryopreservationDNA fragmentationApoptosisTUNEL assayFlow cytometryMolecular biologyAnatomyEmbryoProgrammed cell deathGenetics
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes