Late-Holocene climatic changes as detected by the growth and decay of ice wedges on the southern shore of Hudson Strait, northern Québec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dating of cryoturbated palaeosols associated with past ice-wedge activity on late-Holocene sandy fluvial terraces in a region of continuous permafrost leads to an interpretation of periods of ice-wedge growth and active cracking that alternated with periods of decay, dormancy and active layer deepening. The reconstruc tion corresponds with palaeoclimatic information obtained from existing Arctic-wide and regional proxy rec ords. The ‘Little Ice Age’ stands out as a period of intense ice-wedge activity in the study area. It was followed by a warm thawing interval during the first half of the twentieth century. From ad 1946 to 1991, a well-documented cooling of the climate took place, which reactivated 94% of the studied ice wedges. The pyramidal shape of ice-wedge tops and the depths of the upgrowth features could be correlated between sites several kilometres apart, clearly indicating a regional climatic response. The mean annual air temperature dropped from about–7.8°C in 1946 to–8.9°C in 1991. The threshold temperature for active ice wedges probably lies within this range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".