Surface passivation of phosphorus‐diffused n<sup>+</sup>‐type emitters by plasma‐assisted atomic‐layer deposited Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In recent years Al 2 O 3 has received tremendous interest in the photovoltaic community for the application as surface passivation layer for crystalline silicon. Especially p‐type c‐Si surfaces are very effectively passivated by Al 2 O 3 , including p‐type emitters, due to the high fixed negative charge in the Al 2 O 3 film. In this Letter we show that Al 2 O 3 prepared by plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) can actually provide a good level of surface passivation for highly doped n‐type emitters in the range of 10–100 Ω/sq with implied‐ V oc values up to 680 mV. For n‐type emitters in the range of 100–200 Ω/sq the implied‐ V oc drops to a value of 600 mV for a 200 Ω/sq emitter, indicating a decreased level of surface passivation. For even lighter doped n‐type surfaces the passivation quality increases again to implied‐ V oc values well above 700 mV. Hence, the results presented here indicate that within a certain doping range, highly doped n‐ and p‐type surfaces can be passivated simultaneously by Al 2 O 3 . (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it