African Underdevelopment and the Multinationals – A Political Commentary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper examined the general operational mode of the multi-national/trans-national corporations in Africa with a view to addressing African underdevelopment. The methodology adopted was content analysis, where relevant records were critically reviewed and analyzed. The major findings revealed among others that trans-national corporations have not helped host nations; rather they have contributed to their underdevelopment. Profits maximized by multinationals are repatriated to the home countries instead of using it to develop the host nations. The so called technology they claim they transfer to host nations is obsolete. Essentially the paper recommends that all African nations where MNCs operate should insist that the indigenes have to occupy sensitive and policy making positions in the MNCs. Legislative incentives should be used to direct foreign investment to manufacturing sub-sector, instead of commercial and communication sub-sectors where the multi-nationals currently dominate. The paper concludes that the aspirations of the host nations to welcome the multi-nationals with the hope of drawing technology from them have become illusive.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".