Laboratory Investigation of Geosynthetic Clay Liner Desiccation in a Composite Liner Subjected to Thermal Gradients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geosynthetic materials such as geomembranes and geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are frequently used in composite liners for municipal solid waste landfills. Heat generated within such facilities due to decomposition of organic material within the waste creates thermal gradients that have the potential to cause desiccation of the mineral component of GCLs, with potential impacts on long-term performance. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the potential for moisture redistribution in and around GCLs forming part of a composite liner system when subjected to thermal gradients. Large-scale laboratory testing was performed using two different subsoils and GCL materials, with emphasis placed on the spatial and temporal variation of temperature and water content within and beneath the GCLs. The influence of key initial and boundary conditions such as the applied temperature gradient, initial GCL and subsoil water content, and the type of GCL is discussed, as well as the implications of the findings for long-term GCL performance. Recommendations are made regarding aspects of the design and operation of landfill facilities likely to reduce the potential for desiccation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".