Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products, Inflammation, and Accelerated Periodontal Disease in Diabetes: Mechanisms and Insights Into Therapeutic Modalities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In hyperglycemic states found in diabetics, a nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids occurs. As a result, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), particularly N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine, accumulate in the plasma and tissues of diabetic subjects. This accumulation has been linked to the development of pathogenic complications of diabetes. Many of the effects of AGEs are receptor-dependent and involve a multi-ligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. The best characterized of these is the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which is expressed by multiple cell types including endothelium and mononuclear phagocytes. Based on data from a variety of sources, including studies of RAGE-deficient mice, it appears that RAGE plays a central role in oral infection, exaggerated inflammatory host responses, and destruction of alveolar bone in diabetes. It is possible that antagonists of RAGE might have a valuable adjunctive therapeutic role for the management of periodontal disease found in diabetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".