Scaling behavior of convective mixing, with application to geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract CO 2 storage in deep saline aquifers is considered a possible option for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms, such as convective mixing, that affect the long‐term fate of the injected CO 2 in deep saline aquifers, is of prime importance. We present scaling analysis of the convective mixing of CO 2 in saline aquifers based on direct numerical simulations. The convective mixing of CO 2 in aquifers is studied, and three mixing periods are identified. It is found that, for Rayleigh numbers less than 600, mixing can be approximated by a scaling relationship for the Sherwood number, which is proportional to Ra 1/2 . Furthermore, it is shown that the onset of natural convection follows t Dc ∼Ra −2 and the wavelengths of the initial convective instabilities are proportional to Ra. Such findings give insight into understanding the mixing mechanisms and long term fate of the injected CO 2 for large scale geological sequestration in deep saline aquifers. In addition, a criterion is developed that provides the appropriate numerical mesh resolution required for accurate modeling of convective mixing of CO 2 in deep saline aquifers. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it