Two different genes encoding acetylcholinesterase existing in cotton aphid (<i>Aphis gossypii</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genes, Ace1 and Ace2, have been cloned from cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. To the best of our knowledge, this should be the first direct molecular evidence that multiple AChE genes exist in insects. The Ace1 gene was successfully amplified along its full length of 2371 bp. The open reading frame is 2031 bp long and encodes 676 amino acids (GenBank accession No. AF502082). The Ace2 gene was amplified as a mega-fragment of 2130 bp lacking part of 5'-end untranslated region (UTR). The open reading frame is 1992 bp long and ecodes a protein of 664 amino acids (GenBank accession No. AF502081). Both genes have the conserved amino acids and features shared by the AChE family, but share only 35% identity in amino acid sequence. The Ace1 gene is highly homologous to the AChE gene of Schizaphis graminum (AF321574) with 95% identity, and Ace2 to that of Myzus persicae (AF287291) with 92% identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two cloned AChEs of A. gossypii are different in evolution. The phylogenetic tree generated by the PHYLIP program package inferred that AChE2 of A. gossypii is a more ancestral form of AChE. Homology modeling of structures using Torpedo californica (2ACE_) and Drosophila melanogaster (1Q09:A) native acetylcholinesterase structure as main template indicated that the two AChEs of Aphis gossypii might have different three-dimensional structures. Alternative splicing of Ace1 near the 5'-end resulting in two proteins differing by the presence or absence of a fragment of four amino acids is also reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".