Fruit phenolics as natural antimicrobial agents: Selective antimicrobial activity of catechin, chlorogenic acid and phloridzin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fruit phenolics have attracted a great interest recently as potential natural antimicrobial agents that could be used to extend the shelf life of valueadded fruit and vegetable products. The antimicrobial activity of catechin, chlorogenic acid and phloridzin at 1, 5, 10 and 25 mM concentrations was assessed against three marker pathogenic bacteria, one probiotic bacterium, two yeasts and one food spoilage fungus using the turbidity assay. The growth of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria innocua and the food spoilage fungus, Penicillium chrysogenum, were suppressed by all the phenolics at 25 mM but the growth of food spoilage yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inhibited only by chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. Chlorogenic acid exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans, than that of catechin and phloridzin. The growth of probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, was not affected by the three phenolics at any tested concentrations except by 25 mM phloridzin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".