Frangibility of airport approach lighting towers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of full-scale impact tests on approach lighting towers, used at Canadian airports, was conducted to provide information on tower response. These data were necessary for the development of simplified requirements and test methods for the design of frangible structures, which will minimize the impact hazard to aircraft. A total of 48 tests were completed which included striking the tower triangular cross-section at both the apex and on the side at high, medium and low impact speeds (140, 80 and 50 Ian/h). High-speed video cameras were used during test program to record the impact sequence, the mode of failure and the contact time between the impactor and the tower. The influence of impact speed on the maximum impact force, energy to maximum force and energy over the contact period were key parameters measured in order to define the requirements for frangibility. A discrete model to simulate the impact of.the tower was developed using finite element analysis (FEA). The results obtained from this model were compared to the full-scale test results to validate the accuracy of the model. In addition, the tower dynamic behavior was compared to the visual data obtained from the high-speed video cameras to confirm failure mode predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".