Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Lancet has retracted a 1992 study by the Canadian self proclaimed “father of nutritional immunology,” Ranjit Kumar Chandra, on the grounds that its reliability “can no longer be assured.”1 The study—a major trial that reported an improvement in older people’s immunity and infection risk after taking nutritional supplements2—was the second of Chandra’s studies to be retracted within the past six months. In October The BMJ retracted his 1989 study into the immune benefits of baby formula after receiving a suppressed report of an inquiry of his research, completed in 1995 by his former employer, Memorial University of Newfoundland, after allegations of data fabrication.3 Doubts about the plausibility of the Lancet study first …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.020 | 0.126 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.035 | 0.047 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".