Asphaltene Precipitation from Crude Oils in the Presence of Emulsified Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The primary objective of this work was to determine the effect of emulsified water on the onset and the amount of asphaltene precipitation from diluted crude oils. Asphaltene precipitation yields were measured from an Athabasca bitumen and a Gulf of Mexico crude oil diluted with n -heptane. The experiments were performed with and without emulsified water added to the oils. Yields were compared to determine the effect of the emulsified water. At dilution ratios above the onset of precipitation for dewatered oils, yields were observed to be same for both dewatered oils and oils emulsified with water. Hence, the presence of water had no detectable effect on the solubility of asphaltenes in a crude oil. However, asphaltenes adsorbed on the surface of emulsified water droplets were removed with the water droplets and reported as yield below the onset. The secondary objective of this work was to analyze the compositional differences between the asphaltenes precipitated at the onset condition, asphaltenes adsorbed onto the interface, and bulk asphaltenes. On the basis of CHNSO analysis, it was found that there is no compositional difference between these three different asphaltenes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".