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Record W2326509145 · doi:10.5691/jjb.28.s75

Contribution of Biostatistics in Clinical Trials to Human Society: Experience of a Quarter of a Century and the Future Prospects

2007· article· en· W2326509145 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Yasuo Ohashi

Bibliographic record

VenueJapanese Journal of Biometrics · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicStatistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBiostatisticsQuarter (Canadian coin)MedicineHistoryEpidemiologyPathology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

たらされるベネフィットと被るリスクは,ともに「可能性」として確率変数的性格を帯びる.これ らに対する患者の重み付けも患者個々の価値判断を反映して異なるはずのものであり,診断・治 療法の選択は,リスク・ベネフィット両者のバランスと資源の制約の中で,本来は充分な情報提 示と理解,そして自発的意志を前提としたインフォームドコンセントによるべきである(とされ る) .しかし,医療提供者と患者の有する情報の不均衡,医師・患者双方の意識の問題もあり,こ れまでの治療上の意志決定は,医師主導のパターナリズムの中で,曖昧な状況下で行われてきた といってよい. 近年の情報公開あるいは患者の権利主張の流れは,このような意志決定プロセスに大きな変革 を与えようとしている.厚生労働省は,ここ数年,疾患毎に標準治療をまとめたガイドライン策 定を各関連学会に依頼し,数多くの疾患ガイドラインやその案が発表されてきた.そして,この ガイドライン策定過程で(医療関係者には周知であったが)改めて次の事態が浮き彫りになった. 「わが国には客観的証拠 evidence が無い!」臨床医学系学会では,10 年ほど前に Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) という言葉が大流行したが,ここで evidence を提供するのが患者を対象とした 臨床研究成果である. 一方,1993 年のソリブジン事件を重要な契機として,日本の臨床試験とくに治験の制度・それ を取り巻く環境・そして内容は大きな変貌をとげた.制度の面では,現在の医薬品医療機器総合機

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.262
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.278
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.262
Threshold uncertainty score0.911

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.2620.278
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.001
Bibliometrics0.0060.007
Science and technology studies0.0020.017
Scholarly communication0.0100.009
Open science0.0040.008
Research integrity0.0080.014
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.329
GPT teacher head0.577
Teacher spread0.249 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2007
Admission routes1
Has abstractno

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