Divergent evolutionary mechanisms of co-located<i>Tak</i>/<i>Lrk</i>and<i>Glu-D3</i>loci revealed by comparative analysis of grass genomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seed storage and disease resistance proteins are major traits of wheat. The study of their gene organization and evolution has some implications in breeding. In this study, we characterized the hexaploid wheat D-genome BAC clone TaBAC703A9 that contains a low molecular weight glutenin locus (Glu-D3) and a resistance gene analogue cluster. With a gene density of one gene per 4.8 kb, the cluster contains four resistance gene analogues, namely Tak703-1, Lrr703, Tak703, and Lrk703. This structural cluster unit was conserved across nine grass genomes, but divergent evolutionary mechanisms have been involved in shaping the Tak/Lrk loci in the different species. Gene duplication was the major force for the Tak/Lrk evolution in oats, maize, barley, wheat, sorghum, and Brachypodium, while tandem duplication drove the expansion of this locus in japonica rice. Despite the close proximity of the Glu-D3 and the Tak/Lrk loci in wheat, the evolutionary mechanisms that drove their amplification differ. The Glu-D3 region had a lower gene density, and its amplification was driven by retroelements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".