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Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses

2016· review· en· 974 citations· W2404984931 on OpenAlex· 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.

Machine scores (provisional)

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Opus teacher head0.889
GPT teacher head0.687
Teacher spread
0.202 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database — OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

The record

Venue
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Topic
Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Field
Mathematics
Canadian institutions
Jewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMcGill University Health Centre
Funders
National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Cancer Institute
Keywords
Observational studyEmulationRandomized controlled trialComputer scienceMedical physicsResearch designSimple (philosophy)Clinical trialMedicinePsychologyStatisticsSocial psychologySurgeryMathematics
Has abstract in OpenAlex
no