Direct reprogramming to multipotent trophoblast stem cells, and is pluripotency needed for regenerative medicine either?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For the clinical applications of regenerative medicine, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (all acronyms are defined in the Glossary at the end of the text) have advantages over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in histocompatibility and the lack of reliance on embryo derivation. Induction of pluripotency can be achieved by transiently expressing a minimal set of transcription factors (TFs) to reprogram differentiated cells. Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into progenitor stem or other mature cells would eliminate the need to make iPSCs, and then direct differentiation and select the desired lineage. Another advantage of direct reprogramming is that by avoiding the pluripotent step, one mitigates the risk of tumorigenicity. Direct reprogramming requires knowledge of the reprogramming factors and knowledge of the culture conditions necessary to maintain the induced multipotent stem cells. The culture conditions for mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) were defined in the 1990s (1,2). Knowledge of how to reprogram mouse fibroblast cells to multipotent TSC has now been provided by two recent publications from the Buganim (3) and the Schorle labs (4). These studies inform not only regenerative medicine but will also aid our understanding of normal and pathological placental development in early pregnancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".