United Parcel Service of America Inc. <i>v</i>. Government of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
285 Jurisdiction — Claims brought by investor — NAFTA Article 1116(1)(b) — Limitations on investor—State disputes — NAFTA Article 1502(3)(a) — Relationship between NAFTA Chapter 11 and Chapter 15 — Section A of NAFTA Chapter 11 — Claims concerning actions of monopolies Jurisdiction — Minimum standard of treatment — NAFTA Article 1105 — Obligation to accord fair and equitable treatment — Customary international law — No rule of customary international law prohibiting anticompetitive behaviour — Uncompetitive and unfair conduct of monopoly — Government’s failure to supervise or exercise control over monopoly — Interpretation of NAFTA Free Trade Commission Jurisdiction — National treatment — “Cultural industries” exemption — “Subsidies” exemption — Insufficient evidence to decide on jurisdiction Jurisdiction — Minimum requirements of pleading — Essential elements of claim — Whether Amended Statement of Claim adequately giving notice to Canada of essential elements of claim — Whether enabling Canada to formulate statement of defence
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.311 | 0.110 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".