Detrimental effect of systemic antimicrobial <scp>CD</scp> 4 <sup>+</sup> T‐cell reactivity on gut epithelial integrity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Healthy host–microbe mutualism relies on compartmentalization and proper regulation of systemic and mucosal immune responses. Nevertheless, the systemic immune system is frequently exposed to bouts of bacteraemia, which can trigger systemic antimicrobial immune reactivity including CD 4 + T cells. Low‐level bacteraemia can occur when immune compartmentalization is compromised, for example in the presence of innate immune deficiency or following use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. We generated an Escherichia coli strain expressing a defined T helper neo‐epitope to study systemic antigen‐specific antimicrobial CD 4 + T cells and their potential involvement in the pathogenisis of inflammatory bowel diseases. We found that the dose of bacteria required for the induction of systemic antimicrobial CD 4 + T‐cell proliferation was high and not easily reached under physiological conditions. Importantly, however, when intestinal barrier function was compromised by induced damage to the intestinal epithelium, the presence of systemic antimicrobial CD 4 + T cells specific for a single neo‐antigen resulted in dramatically increased levels of bacterial translocation. This study therefore demonstrates that systemic antimicrobial CD 4 + T‐cell reactivity might impact adversely on the mucosa under conditions of reduced barrier function and that despite strong mucosal immune regulation, antigen‐specific recognition is still sensitive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".