Gap dynamics of late successional sugar maple–yellow birch forests at their northern range limit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Questions We investigated whether the gap disturbance rate (percentage area disturbed by canopy gaps per year) differed at the northern range limit of sugar maple ( Acer saccharum )–yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis ) forests compared to broad‐leaf temperate deciduous forests located more to the south. As an ancillary question, we assessed the relationship between species composition and gap disturbance rate at the stand scale. Location Late successional sugar maple–yellow birch forests at their northern range limit in western Quebec, Canada. Methods To reconstruct past gap disturbances, we identified growth releases using the boundary line method applied to tree‐ring chronologies obtained from 0.25‐ha plots sampled within 11 late successional forest stands. We reconstructed past canopy gaps using release events, calculated historical gap disturbance rates and used redundancy analysis to evaluate the relationship between gap disturbance rate and species composition at the stand scale. Results The mean gap disturbance rate across the 11 late successional stands was 0.96 ± 0.51%·yr −1 . Mean gap size was 39 ± 44 m 2 and almost 85% of the gaps were <50 m 2 . Stands with smaller gaps and lower gap disturbance rates had high importance values for balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) and/or yellow birch. Conclusions The gap disturbance rate at the northern limit of sugar maple–yellow birch forest was similar to that reported in broad‐leaf temperate deciduous forests located ca. 575–1300 km to the south. However, gaps were more numerous and smaller, which could be related to latitudinal differences in allometric traits of the dominant tree species and climate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".