Therapy-induced developmental reprogramming of prostate cancer cells and acquired therapy resistance
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
// Mannan Nouri 1, 2, * , Josselin Caradec 1, 2, * , Amy Anne Lubik 1, 2, * , Na Li 1 , Brett G. Hollier 3 , Mandeep Takhar 4 , Manuel Altimirano-Dimas 1 , Mengqian Chen 5 , Mani Roshan-Moniri 1 , Miriam Butler 1 , Melanie Lehman 3 , Jennifer Bishop 1 , Sarah Truong 1 , Shih-Chieh Huang 1 , Dawn Cochrane 6 , Michael Cox 1, 2 , Colin Collins 1, 2 , Martin Gleave 1, 2 , Nicholas Erho 4, 7 , Mohamed Alshalafa 4 , Elai Davicioni 4, 7 , Colleen Nelson 1, 3 , Sheryl Gregory-Evans 8 , R. Jeffrey Karnes 9 , Robert B. Jenkins 10 , Eric A. Klein 11 , Ralph Buttyan 1, 2 1 Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada 2 Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 3 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia 4 GenomeDX Biosciences, Vancouver, Canada 5 Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina, USA 6 Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada 7 GenomeDX Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA 8 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 9 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA 10 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA 11 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ralph Buttyan, email: rbuttyan@prostatecentre.com Keywords: prostate cancer, cancer stem cell, neural crest, neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, hormone resistance Received: October 15, 2016 Accepted: January 16, 2017 Published: January 27, 2017 ABSTRACT Treatment-induced neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD) complicates therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Based on evidence that PCa cells can transdifferentiate to other neuroectodermally-derived cell lineages in vitro , we proposed that NEtD requires first an intermediary reprogramming to metastable cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) of a neural class and we demonstrate that several different AR + /PSA + PCa cell lines were efficiently reprogrammed to, maintained and propagated as CSCs by growth in androgen-free neural/neural crest (N/NC) stem medium. Such reprogrammed cells lost features of prostate differentiation; gained features of N/NC stem cells and tumor-initiating potential; were resistant to androgen signaling inhibition; and acquired an invasive phenotype in vitro and in vivo . When placed back into serum-containing mediums, reprogrammed cells could be re-differentiated to N-/NC-derived cell lineages or return back to an AR + prostate-like state. Once returned, the AR + cells were resistant to androgen signaling inhibition. Acute androgen deprivation or anti-androgen treatment in serum-containing medium led to the transient appearance of a sub-population of cells with similar characteristics. Finally, a 132 gene signature derived from reprogrammed PCa cell lines distinguished tumors from PCa patients with adverse outcomes. This model may explain neural manifestations of PCa associated with lethal disease. The metastable nature of the reprogrammed stem-like PCa cells suggests that cycles of PCa cell reprogramming followed by re-differentiation may support disease progression and therapeutic resistance. The ability of a gene signature from reprogrammed PCa cells to identify tumors from patients with metastasis or PCa-specific mortality implies that developmental reprogramming is linked to aggressive tumor behaviors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it