New insights into the tetraspanin Tspan5 using novel monoclonal antibodies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tspan5 is a member of a subgroup of tetraspanins referred to as TspanC8. These tetraspanins directly interact with the metalloprotease ADAM10, regulate its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent trafficking, and differentially regulate its ability to cleave various substrates and activate Notch signaling. The study of Tspan5 has been limited by the lack of good antibodies. This study provides new insights into Tspan5 using new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including two mAbs recognizing both Tspan5 and the highly similar tetraspanin Tspan17. Using these mAbs, we show that endogenous Tspan5 associates with ADAM10 in human cell lines and in mouse tissues where it is the most abundant, such as the brain, the lung, the kidney, or the intestine. We also uncover two TspanC8-specific motifs in the large extracellular domain of Tspan5 that are important for ADAM10 interaction and exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. One of the anti-Tspan5 mAbs does not recognize Tspan5 associated with ADAM10, providing a convenient way to measure the fraction of Tspan5 not associated with ADAM10. This fraction is minor in the cell lines tested, and it increases upon transfection of cells with TspanC8 tetraspanins such as Tspan15 or Tspan33 that inhibit Notch signaling. Finally, two antibodies inhibit ligand-induced Notch signaling, and this effect is stronger in cells depleted of the TspanC8 tetraspanin Tspan14, further indicating that Tspan5 and Tspan14 can compensate for each other in Notch signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".