“In‐loop” [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> fixation: Prototype and proof of concept
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon‐11‐labeled carbon dioxide is the most common feedstock for the synthesis of positron emission tomography radiotracers and can be directly used for 11 C‐carbonylation. Herein, we report the development of an apparatus that takes advantage of “in‐loop” technologies to facilitate robust and reproducible syntheses of 11 C‐carbonyl‐based radiotracers by [ 11 C]CO 2 ‐fixation. Our “in‐loop” [ 11 C]CO 2 ‐fixation method is simple, efficient, and proceeds smoothly at ambient pressure and temperature. We selected model 11 C‐carbonyl‐labeled carbamates as well as symmetrical and unsymmetrical ureas based on their widespread use in radiotracer design and our clinical research interests for proof of concept. Utility of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of a reversible radiopharmaceutical for monoamine oxidase B, [ 11 C]SL25.1188, and 2 novel fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. These radiotracers were isolated and formulated (>3.5 GBq; 100 mCi) with radiochemical purities (>99%) and molar radioactivity (≥80 GBq/μmol; ≥2162 mCi/μmol).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it