272 Impact of adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus buchneri on fermentation, aerobic stability, nutritive value, and microbial communities in corn silage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of additives of Lactobacillus buchneri in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, nutritive value, and microbial communities of ensiled corn silage. Whole crop corn (391 g/kg DM) was either uninoculated (Control) or inoculated with S. cerevisiae and L. buchneri at the following concentrations: S. cerevisiae at 104 cfu/g fresh forage, S. cerevisiae at 105 cfu/g, S. cerevisiae at 104 cfu/g + L. buchneri at 105 cfu/g (Y4L5), and S. cerevisiae at 105 cfu/g + L. buchneri at 104 cfu/g; then, it was ensiled in mini-silos for 118 d followed by 7 d of aerobic exposure. Changes in fermentation characteristics and nutritive value were assessed in terminal silages. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify the inoculants S. cerevisiae and L. buchneri and total yeast, fungal, and bacterial communities in silage. The composition of bacterial and fungal communities during ensiling and aerobic exposure was characterized using 16S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer sequencing, respectively. The concentration of lactic acid rapidly increased (P < 0.05) in all treatment silages during the first 7 d, with pH declining to 4.0 and remaining at a similar level until the end of ensiling. Although Y4L5 contained a higher (P < 0.05) concentration of acetic acid compared with the Control, fermentation characteristics of silage were similar among all the treatments after 118 d ensiling. Inoculation with S. cerevisiae had no detrimental effect on the aerobic stability of silage, whereas addition of L. buchneri did not prevent the silage spoilage, with the pH across all treatments increasing to an average of 8.0 after 7 d of aerobic exposure. Total yeast, bacterial, and fungal communities as quantified by qPCR were not altered by the inoculants after ensiling or the aerobic exposure process. Sequencing results showed temporal shifts of bacterial and fungal populations during ensiling and the aerobic exposure stage. Concentrations of S. cerevisiae and L. buchneri in all inoculated treatments remained higher (P < 0.05) than those in the Control after ensiling, with numbers of S. cerevisiae increasing after 7 d of aerobic exposure. However, inoculation of S. cerevisiae and L. buchneri did not alter the overall composition of bacterial and fungal communities in silage, as indicated by principal coordinate analysis. Our findings suggest that the abundance of the beneficial yeast inoculants can increase or remain the same in silage during the aerobic exposure stage prior to feeding to animals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".