Measurement of a True V˙O2max during a Ramp Incremental Test Is Not Confirmed by a Verification Phase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The accuracy of an exhaustive ramp incremental (RI) test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) was recently questioned and the utilization of a verification phase proposed as a gold standard. This study compared the oxygen uptake (V̇O2) during a RI test to that obtained during a verification phase aimed to confirm attainment of V̇O2max. Sixty-one healthy males (31 older (O) 65±5 yrs.; 30 younger (Y) 25±4 yrs.) performed a RI test (15-20 W/min for O and 25 W/min for Y). At the end of the RI test, a 5-min recovery period was followed by a verification phase of constant load cycling to fatigue at either 85% (n= 16) or 105% (n= 45) of the peak power output obtained from the RI test. The highest V̇O2 after the RI test (39.8±11.5 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) and the verification phase (40.1±11.2 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) were not different (p=0.33) and they were highly correlated (r=0.99; p<0.01). This response was not affected by age or intensity of the verification phase. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a very small absolute bias (-0.25 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, not different from 0) and a precision of ±1.56 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 between measures. This study indicated that a verification phase does not highlight an under-estimation of V̇O2max derived from a RI test, in a large and heterogeneous group of healthy younger and older men naïve to laboratory testing procedures. Moreover, only minor within-individual differences were observed between the maximal V̇O2 elicited during the RI and the verification phase. Thus a verification phase does not add any validation of the determination of a V̇O2max. Therefore, the recommendation that a verification phase should become a gold standard procedure, although initially appealing, is not supported by the experimental data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".