Diverse <i>Escherichia coli</i> lineages, from domestic animals and humans in a household, carry colistin resistance gene <i>mcr-1</i> in Ecuador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 gene in domestic animals close to a child who suffered a peritoneal infection by a mcr-1 positive E. coli . Rectal or cloacal swabs and fecal samples from domestic animals were plated on selective media to isolate colistin-resistant E. coli and isolates were submitted to detection of mcr-1 gene, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), replicon typing and S1-PFGE. Four mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates (from chicken, turkey and dog) were recovered. No shared PFGE pattern or MLST sequence type were observed among isolates. A 60Kb IncI1 γ mcr -1-carrying plasmid was detected in all isolates. Our results suggest that mcr-1 gene was horizontally disseminated amongst different lineages of E. coli from domestic animals in the child’s household. Importance Horizontally transferable colistin resistance ( mcr -1 gene) is thought to have originated in domestic animals and transferred to humans through meat and dairy products. In the present report we show evidence that the mcr -1 gene could be transferred to different E. coli strains colonizing different hosts (humans and pets) in the same household.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".