Drug‐Induced Liver Injury due to Flucloxacillin: Relevance of Multiple Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some patients prescribed flucloxacillin (~ 0.01%) develop drug‐induced liver injury ( DILI ). HLA ‐B*57:01 is an established genetic risk factor for flucloxacillin DILI . To consolidate this finding, identify additional genetic factors, and assess relevance of risk factors for flucloxacillin DILI in relation to DILI due to other penicillins, we performed a genomewide association study involving 197 flucloxacillin DILI cases and 6,835 controls. We imputed single‐nucleotide polymorphism and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes. HLA ‐B*57:01 was the major risk factor (allelic odds ratio ( OR ) = 36.62; P = 2.67 × 10 −97 ). HLA ‐B*57:03 also showed an association ( OR = 79.21; P = 1.2 × 10 −6 ). Within the HLA ‐B protein sequence, imputation showed valine 97 , common to HLA ‐B*57:01 and HLA ‐B*57:03, had the largest effect ( OR = 38.1; P = 9.7 × 10 −97 ). We found no HLA ‐B*57 association with DILI due to other isoxazolyl penicillins ( n = 6) or amoxicillin ( n = 15) and no significant non‐ HLA signals for any penicillin‐related DILI .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it