<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> in Community and Household Water, Suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2010<i>–</i>2012
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Attention to environmental sources of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a vital component of disease prevention and control.We investigated MAC colonization of household plumbing in suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.We used variable-number tandemrepeat genotyping and whole-genome sequencing with core genome single-nucleotide variant analysis to compare M. avium from household plumbing biofilms with M. avium isolates from patient respiratory specimens.M. avium was recovered from 30 (81.1%) of 37 households, including 19 (90.5%) of 21 M. avium patient households.For 11 (52.4%) of 21 patients with M. avium disease, isolates recovered from their respiratory and household samples were of the same genotype.Within the same community, 18 (85.7%) of 21 M. avium respiratory isolates genotypically matched household plumbing isolates.Six predominant genotypes were recovered across multiple households and respiratory specimens.M. avium colonizing municipal water and household plumbing may be a substantial source of MAC pulmonary infection.N ontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunis- tic human pathogens.Several species of NTM, including members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), can cause potentially life-threatening pulmonary infections that are difficult to treat (1,2).In 1989, Prince et al. described MAC pulmonary disease in persons without Materials and Methods Study Setting and PopulationLankenau Medical Center is a community-based, academic medical center in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Mycobacterium avium in Community and Household Water, Suburban Philadelphia,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".