Stabilizing Sulfur Cathode in Carbonate and Ether Electrolytes: Excluding Long-Chain Lithium Polysulfide Formation and Switching Lithiation/Delithiation Route
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to the inevitable chemical reactions between the nucleophilic lithium polysulfides and electrophilic carbonate solvents, conventional S cathodes are incompatible in carbonate-based electrolytes. Alternative ether-based electrolytes are confronted with another concern of the dissolution of long-chain Li 2 S x (4 ≤ x ≤ 8) intermediates. Herein, originally designed strategy to stabilize S cathodes in these two electrolytes was proposed by introducing central Fe linkers to switch the lithiation/delithiation route from the formation of long-chain Li 2 S x intermediates to Li y FeS x intermediates. Based on this, amorphous FeS x /C (a-FeS x /C, x = 2, 4, 6) composites, synthesized by comelting ferrocene and sulfur, were demonstrated as effective cathodes for Li–S batteries. a-FeS 4 /C cathode delivers a remarkably high capacity of 931 mAh g –1 at 0.1 A g –1 and a stable cycling performance of over 500 cycles in a carbonate electrolyte without any compatibility problem. Good cyclability with high capacity is also demonstrated in a LiNO 3 -free ether electrolyte.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".