World Health Organization Guidance on Ethical Considerations in Planning and Reviewing Research Studies on Sexual and Reproductive Health in Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adolescence—defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the second decade of life (10–19 years of age)—is a time when significant physical, psychological, and social changes occur. During this period of development, adolescents gain more advanced patterns of thinking and reasoning, seek to forge their own identities, form new social relationships and attachments, and develop an increasing sense of responsibility and independence. It is also a time when adolescents may face social challenges such as inadequate educational opportunities, limited prospects for finding rewarding work, and health challenges such as early and unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, violence, anxiety, and depression [1,2].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.428 | 0.561 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.019 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.023 | 0.027 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".