Quantitative PCR enumeration of <i>vcgC</i> and 16S rRNA type A and B genes as virulence indicators for environmental and clinical strains of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> in Galveston Bay oysters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oysters from a reef in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA, were screened for more virulent clinical strains versus less virulent environmental strains of Vibrio vulnificus using a combination of quantitative PCR assays for the virulence correlating gene (clinical variant, vcgC) and 16S rRNA types A and B (type A = environmental, type B = clinical). The combination of vcgC and 16S rRNA type B loci to determine clinical type strains was suitable, as indicated by the strong correlation (R 2 = 0.98; p < 0.001) between these gene counts over time and their relative proportion (up to 93.8% and 94.3%, respectively) to vvhA genes used to quantify all strains of V. vulnificus. A strong seasonal shift of V. vulnificus strain types was observed. Environmental strains (16S rRNA type A) predominated from April to mid-June as salinities increased from 22 to 27 PSU (practical salinity unit) and temperatures rose 20 to 28 °C, with peak gene quantities of 16 812 ± 56 CFU/g. As temperatures increased to ≥30 °C from mid-June to September and salinities rose above 27 PSU, clinical strains (16S rRNA type B; vcgC) predominated with peak quantities 31 868 ± 287 and 32 360 ± 178 CFU/g, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".