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Record W2951000532 · doi:10.1089/ind.2019.29170.lgb

Protection and Commercialization of Biotechnology Inventions in Canada and Québec

2019· article· en· W2951000532 on OpenAlex
Louise Bernier

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueIndustrial Biotechnology · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicBiomedical Ethics and Regulation
Canadian institutionsUniversité du Québec
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCommercializationIntellectual propertyContext (archaeology)NegotiationGovernment (linguistics)BiopharmaceuticalBusinessIncentiveInternational tradeIndustrial organizationBiotechnologyPolitical scienceEconomicsMarketingLawMarket economy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

An extensive body of evidence demonstrates that patents and other intellectual property (IP) rights are critical to the future of innovation and the development of new treatments and cures. A strong legal regime is essential for a robust innovation-based biopharmaceutical industry, but other targeted incentives can provide further impetus to transform inventions into commercial innovations. For Canada, the legal context surrounding intellectual property rights protection and the national regulatory regime are influencing the biopharmaceutical industry. These dimensions also have consequences for Canadian patients, Canadian economy, and access to future medical innovations. In the course of trade negotiations, several aspects of the Canadian IP system have been changed and reinforced. This article summarizes the biotech industry context and describes existing IP policy and regulatory initiatives in Canada. We will also discuss briefly the most recent initiatives of the Québec government to support creation, protection and commercialization of innovations from local businesses.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.593
Threshold uncertainty score0.775

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.246
Teacher spread0.211 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it