HIV infection is associated with preservation of MAIT cells in the lungs but alteration of their phenotype and T cell receptor repertoire
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: High dietary fats were reported to induce intestinal dysbiosis, drive gut inflammation and breakdown the intestinal epithelial barrier, granting intestinal flora access to the bloodstream.As microbial translocation is a major determinant of the chronic immune activation and HIV/SIV disease progression, we investigated whether fat diet impacts HIV/SIV pathogenesis.Methods: The nonprogressive African green monkey (AGM) model of SIV is an ideal system to assess the role of fat diet on disease progression, because they do not develop SIV-related intestinal dysfunction.We included 4 AGMs that received a fat diet prior and after SIVsab infection, and 5 controls in which the impact on key parameters of SIV infection such as: viral loads, CD4 + T cell counts, microbial translocation, immune activation and inflammation were compared and contrasted.Results: LPS levels increased in the AGMs receiving fat diet prior and after SIV infection.Fat-rich diet also resulted in increases of immune activation (HLA-DR CD38, CD69 and Ki-67) and inflammation (inflammatory cytokines-IL-6, IL-17 and C reactive protein), leading to a prolonged depletion of CD4 + T cells compared to controls.However, these significant alterations of key parameters that are associated with the lack of disease progression in natural hosts of SIVs did not reach the levels described during progressive HIV/SIV infection.Furthermore, these changes did not result in significant increases in the levels of viral replication in the AGMs receiving a fat diet.Conclusions: Administration of fat-rich diet resulted in alterations of markers of pathogenicity in the nonprogressive SIV infection of AGMs.Although not major, these changes were significant, suggesting that a diet very rich in fats may negatively impact HIV pathogenesis, especially if combined with other behavioral risk factors reported to impact gut integrity or systemic inflammation, such as alcohol consumption, drug usage and smoking.Detailed studies on the correlations between fat diet, alterations in the intestinal microbiota, metabolic markers, liver function and SIV progression to AIDS are in progress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".