Intestinal bile acids directly modulate the structure and function of <i>C. difficile</i> TcdB toxin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Clostridioides difficile is a bacterial pathogen of global importance that is a major cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. Antibiotic-mediated disruptions to the gut microbiota and associated metabolome promote C. difficile growth and infection through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we show that intestinal bile acids, which are known to play a role in C. difficile germination and outgrowth, also directly bind and inhibit TcdB toxin, the primary virulence determinant of C. difficile . Bile acid binding induces a major conformational change in TcdB structure that prevents receptor binding and uptake into cells. In addition to suggesting a role for bile acids in protecting against C. difficile pathogenesis, these findings highlight an approach to block C. difficile virulence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".